Biology Class 12

 c 9 Animal Husbandry Introduction ● The practice of breeding and raising livestock is called animal husbandry. ● It includes breeding of livestock (cows, buffaloes, pigs, etc.), poultry farming, and fisheries. Farm Management ● Dairy Farm Management ○ Milk yield is dependent upon the quality of breed selected. Quality encompasses yielding potential and disease resistance. ○ Care of cattle − Proper accommodation, adequate water, feeding in a scientific manner (quality of fodder), hygiene, visits by a veterinary doctor ○ All these processes nowadays have become mechanised and proper record keeping is followed. ● Dairy Farm Management ○ Poultry includes meat from birds such as chicken, ducks, and turkey. ○ The main emphasis in poultry farming is selection of a disease-free and healthy breed. ○ Safe farm conditions, proper feed, water, and hygiene are also necessary. Animal Breeding ● Breed − A group of animals related by descent and similar in most characters such as general appear...

c  4   Reproductive Health It is defined as the total well being in all aspects of reproduction. ● India as a country ensures reproductive health to all, and since 1951, successive governments have introduced a number of programmes to ensure this, e.g., family planning and RCH (Reproductive and Child Healthcare) programmes . ● The aim of these programmes is to create awareness among people about the various aspects of reproductive health. ● Several audio-visual aids and pamphlets have been developed by both governmental and non-governmental organisations. ● Awareness is being created among school children by introducing sex education in schools. ● It is essential to provide medical assistance to people with problems related to STDs, pregnancy, contraception and infertility, especially in villages. ● Amniocentesis (foetal sex determination based on chromosomal pattern) has been banned to check female foeticide. Population Explosion ● Improvement in the quality of life due to ...